Method of making dispersions of insoluble compounds



Patented Oct. 3, 1933 UNITED STATES PATEN METHOD OF MAKING DISPERSIONS OF INSOLUBLE- COMPOUNDS George Holland Ellis, Henry Charles Olpin, and

Ernest William Kirk, Spondon, near Derby, England, assignors' to Celanese Corporation of America, a corporation of Delaware No Drawing. Original application September 4,

- 1929, Serial No. 390,423, and in Great Britain September. 8, 1928. Divided and this application May 5, 1931. Serial No. 535,299

24 Claims.

This invention relates to the preparation of dispersions and to the dyeing, printing, stencilling, or otherwise colouring-of materials made of or containing organic derivatives of cellulose.

In U. S. application Sr. No. 390,423 filed 4th September, 1929, of which this is a divisional application, there is described a manufacture of water-soluble sulphonated condensation products of furfural or its derivatives with a sulphonated aromatic carbocyclic or heterocyclic compound. These bodies are obtained by the condensation of furfural or derivatives thereof with aromatic compounds, whether carbocyclic or heterocyclic, and the sulphonation of the products if they do not already contain sulphonic groups or if they contain a proportion of sulthem the de- The condensation to make these products may be effected in various ways depending on the nature of the parent materials; for instance it may be carried out in.the presence of substances of acid or alkaline nature, for example an acid such as sulphuric acid or an alkali such as so dium carbonate.

When an aromatic sulphonic acid is to be used the preparation thereof may often conveniently be combined with the condensation withthe furfural or the like.

Thus

an aromatic compound may be sulphonated with sulphuric acid of suitable strength and then condensed with furfural in the same solution, if necor other sulphonating agent.

For the sulphonation or further sulphonation 3f the products, when necessary, there may be employed any suitable sulphonating agent such as concentrated or fuming sulphuric acid or chlorosulphonic acid.

any of them, but the invention is thereto.

not restricted As derivatives of furiural which may be employed may be mentioned methyl furfural and fu'rfuramide.

The new products in the form of the free acids or their alkali or ammonium salts are readily soluble in water yielding solutions of a colloidal nature and have been found to be valuable dispersing and wettingv agents.

According to the'present invention the sulphonated condensation products prepared according to U. S. application Ser. No. 390,423 are employed for making dispersions of insoluble substances, for example insoluble aromatic compounds, particularly colouring matters, and these dispersions utilized in the colouration of materials made of our containing organic derivatives of cellulose. The term insoluble" as used in the description and appendant claims in referring to substances to be dispersed, includes substances which are difliculty soluble.

The dispersion may be effected for example,

by mixing or grinding the insoluble or diificulty soluble substances with the dispersing agent in the presence or absence of water, or by forming, liberating, or precipitating them in the presence of the dispersing agent, whereby preparations in liquid, paste, solid, or powdered' form may be produced as required. The dispersing action may also be assisted by the application of heat. The

aqueouspreparations may, if desired, be treated for the removal of part or the whole of the water by evaporation or otherwise. Other protective colloids may be added to the preparations in order to increase their stability or for other purposes.

In some cases, and particularly when dispersions of insoluble organic compounds, for example insoluble colouring matters, are required, the dispersing action may' be assisted by theaddition of an auxiliary substance capable of exerting a solvent action on the compound to be dispersed, for instance the auxiliary solvents speci-.

fled in U. S. patent specifications Nos. 1,690,481

and 1,803,008, in connection with insoluble or difflcultly soluble colouring matters for cellulose acetate.

The new condensation products, as indicated above, are also applicable as wetting agents. They may, for example, be added to any liquids to facilitate the wetting of textile and other materials or substances therewith, or be mixed with dry powdered substances or the like to facilitate wetting, solution, dispersion, or the like on treatment with liquids.

The new condensation products have the advantage ofgvery good solubility and very good' Further, according to the invention, the col-- ouration of materials made of or containing cellulose esters, for example cellulose acetate, or cellulose ethers, is effected by a process comprising the application thereto by dyeing, printing, stencilling or otherwise, of insoluble or difficulty soluble organic compounds or colouring matters which have aflinity" for, cellulose esters or ethers and which have been converted into finely dispersed form by the new process, namely, by treatment with an agent comprising one or more of the aforesaid new condensation products.

The dispersions of the organic'compounds or colouring matters may be produced in the dyebaths, printing pastes, etc., themselves or may be prepared from more concentrated liquid, paste, solid, or powdered preparations containing the substances and dispersing agent by suitable dilution with water with or'without addition of further quantities of dispersing agent and/or protective colloids.

first diazotized on the material and developed,

or the developer component may be applied first and the colour formed by treatment with a suitable diazo-solution, or the base and developer components may be applied separately or together and the colour produced by subsequent diazotization on the material. Either the base, or the developer, or both may be applied in the form of dispersions obtained with the aid of the new dispersing agents. As instances of suitable bodies may be mentioned the colouring matters ororganic compounds or classes of colouring matters or compounds referred to in United States patent specifications Nos. 1,618,413, 1,545,819, 1,600,277, 1,641,965, 1,618,415, 1,694,414, 1,679,935,

.and British Patents Nos. 239,470, 263,260 and 283,081, the colouring matters of British Patents Nos. 299,349 and 300,929, containing one or more keto-acidyl groups and particularly acetoacetyl groups, the nitro-diarylamines specified in British Patent No. 305,560, the unsulphonated thiazole derivatives of British Patent No 306,981, the azo dyes containing the xanthene or thioxanthene nucleus of British Patent No. 311,433, and the azo dyes of British Patent No. 310,827 containing the anthraquinone nucleus.

Though the process of the invention has been more particularly described with reference to the colouring of cellulose acetate it is also applicable to the colouration of materials made of or con-' the present invention are applied to the dyeing or otherwise colouring of mixed materials comprising in addition to cellulose acetate or other cellulose esters or ethers, fibres such as silk, wool, or cotton or other cellulosic fibres, natural or artificial, the said other fibres may be dyed with other dyestuffs before, after or together with the cellulose ester or ether portion and in the same or contrasting shades according to the choice of dyestuffs made and the aifinity of the respective fibres therefor. f

The following examples illustrate the preparation of dispersing agents for use in preparing the dispersions of the present invention, but are not to be regarded as in any way limitative:

- Example A 500 parts of naphthalene are mixed with 500 parts of sulphuric acid 95%, and heated slowly to water added so that the temperature does not rise above 85 C. At this temperature 150 parts of furfural are added, and the mixture immediately heated to 100 C. and kept at this temperature for 4 to 6 hours. The batch is then cooled, and diluted with 300 parts of water, and partly neutralized with 200 parts of 40% caustic soda solution. The furfural-naphthalene sulphonic acid then separates on standing, and is filtered, washed and dried.

Example B 500 parts of benzene are sulphonated with 1100 parts of sulphuric acid in the usual manner, and the sulphonation mixture is cooled to 50-60 C. and 75 parts of furfural dropped in slowly. The temperature is then raised to 100 for 2 hours, and the whole poured on to 3000 parts of crushed ice, partly neutralized with 1000 parts of 30% caustic soda solution, 500 parts of salt added and the mixture allowed to cool. The furfural benzene sulphonic acid then separates and is filtered off, washed and dried.

Example C 500 parts of phenol are sulphonated with 1,400 parts of sulphuric acid at 110 C. until it is quite soluble in cold water. After cooling to 70-80 C. 50 parts of furfural are dropped in, and the whole stirred at 100 C. for 2 hours. The mixture is then run to 3,000 parts of ice, partly neutralized with 1,000 parts of 30% caustic soda solution, 500 parts of salt added and the separated furfural phenol sulphonate filtered off, washed and dried.

The following examples illustrate the production of colourations on cellulose derivative materials in accordance with the present invention, but are not to be regarded as in any way limitativez- Example 1 To obtain a blue shade on 100 lbs. of cellulose acetate knit fabric, 1 lb. of diaminoanthrarufin' is Example 2 To obtain a yellow shade on 100 lbs. of cellulose acetate knit fabric, 10 lbs. of a 10% paste of 2:4 dinitro-diphenylamine milled to as fine a state of division as possible are added to a bath containing 5 lbs. of the sodium salt of furfural-naphthalen'e-sulphonic acid in 280 gallons of water. The goods are entered at 30 C. and while being worked the temperature of the bath is raised to 75 C.

and kept at this for an hour. The goods are then lifted, rinsed and dried or otherwise treated as desired.

By the term colouring matter compound" employed in the claims. is meant compounds which are themselves colouring matters or which can be converted into colouring matters on the fibre.

What we claim and desire to secure by Letters Patent is:-- I

1 Process for the manufacture of dispersions of insoluble substances which comprises treating said substances with an agent comprising a water-soluble sulphonated condensation product of a compound containing at least one aromatic nucleus capable of sulphonation with a compound selected from the group consisting of furane aldehydes and their amides.

2. Process for the manufacture of dispersions of insoluble colouring matter compounds which comprises treating said compounds with an agent comprising a water-soluble sulphonated condensation product of a compound containing at least one aromatic nucleus capable of sulphonation with a compound selected from the group consisting of furane aldehydes and their amides.

3. Process for the manufacture of dispersions of insoluble substances which comprises treating said substances with an agent comprising a water-soluble sulphonated condensation product of a sulphonated aromatic compound with a compound selected from the group consisting of furane aldehydes and their amides.

4. Process forthe manufacture of dispersions of insoluble substances which comprises treating said substances with an agent comprising a water-soluble sulphonated product obtained by condensation of a compound selected from the group consisting of furane aldehydes and their amides with a compound containing at least one aromatic nucleus capable of sulphonation in the vpresence of sulphuric acid.-

5. Process for the manufacture of dispersions of insoluble substances which comprises treating said substances with an agent comprising a water-soluble sulphonated condensation product obtained by condensation of a sulphonated aromatic compound with a. compound selected from the group consisting of furane aldehydes and their amides in the presence of sulphuric acid.

6. Process for the manufacture of dispersons of insoluble substances which comprises forming said substances in the presence of an agent comprising a water-soluble sulphonated condensation product of a compound containing at least one aromatic nucleus capable of-sulphonation with a compound selected from the group consisting of furane aldehydes and their amides.

7. Process for the manufacture of dispersions of insoluble substances which comprises treating said substances with an agent comprising awatersoluble sulphonated condensation product obtained by condensation of naphthalene with a compound selected from the group consisting of furane aldehydes and their amides in the presence of sulphuric acid.

8. Process for the manufacture of dispersions of insoluble substances which comprises treating said substances with an agent comprising a water-soluble sulphonated condensation product obtained by condensation of sulphonated naphthalene with a compound selected from the group consisting of furane aldehydes and their amides in the presence-of sulphuric acid.

9. Process for the manufacture of dispersions of insoluble substances which comprises treating said substances with an agent comprising a water-soluble salt of a sulphonated condensation product of a compound containing at least one aromatic nucleus capable of sulphonation with a compound selected from the group consisting of furane aldehydes and their amides.

10. Compositions of matter comprising insoluble substances together-with water-soluble sulphonated condensation products of compounds containing at least one aromatic nucleus capable of sulphonation with compounds selected from the group consisting of furane aldehydes and their amides.

l1. Compositions of matter comprising insoluble organic compounds together with water-soluble sulphonated condensation products of compounds containing at least one aromatic nucleus capable of sulphonation with compounds selected from the group consisting of furane aldehydes and their amides.

12. Compositions of matter comprising insoluble substances together with water-soluble condensation products of sulphonated naphthalene with compounds selected from the group consisting of furane aldehydes and their amides.

l3. Compositions of matter comprising insoluble organic compounds together with water-soluble condensation products of sulphonated naphthalene with compounds selected from the group consisting of furane aldehydes and their amides.

l4. Compositions of matter comprising insoluble colouring matters together with water-soluble sulphonated condensation products of compounds containing at least one aromatic nucleus capable ble colouring matters together with water-soluble condensation products of sulphonated naphthalene with compounds selected from'the group consisting of furane aldehydes and their amides.

l8. Compositions of matter comprising insoluble colouring matters together with water-soluble salts of sulphonated condensation products of compounds containing at least one aromatic nucleus capable of sulphonation with compounds selected from the group consisting of furane aldehydes and their amides.

19. Process for the colouration of materials comprising organic derivatives of cellulose which comprises applying thereto a colouring matter compound in the form of a dispersion obtained by treating the compound with a water-soluble suiphonated condensation product of a compound containing at least one aromatic nucleus capable of sulphonation with a compound selected from the group consisting of furane aldehydes and their amides.

20. Process for the colouration of materials comprising organic derivatives of cellulose which comprises applying thereto an insoluble colouring matter in the form of a dispersion obtained by treatment with a water-soluble sulphonated condensation product of a compound containing at least one aromatic nucleus capable of sulphonation with a compound selected from the group consisting of furane aldehydes and their amides.

21. Process for the colouration of materials comprising cellulose acetate which comprises applying thereto an insoluble colouring matter compound in the form of a dispersion obtained by treatment with a water-soluble sulphonated condensation product of a compound containing at least one aromatic nucleus capable of sulphonation with a compound selected from the group consisting of furane aldehydes and their amides.

22. Process for the colouration of materials comprising organic derivatives of cellulose which comprises applying thereto an insoluble colouring matter in the form of a dispersion obtained by treatment with a water-soluble condensation product of sulphonated naphthalene with a compound selected from the group consisting of furane aldehydes and their amides.

23. Process for the colouration of materials comprising cellulose acetate which comprises applying thereto an insoluble colouring matter in the form of a dispersion obtained by treatment with a water-soluble condensation product of sulphonated naphthalene with a compound selected from the group consisting of furane aldehydes and their amides. i

24. Process for the colouration of materials comprising organic derivatives of cellulose which comprises applying thereto a colouring matter in the form of a dispersion obtained with the aid of a salt of a water-soluble sulphonated condensation product of a compound containing at least one aromatic nucleus capable of sulphonation with a compound selected from the group consisting of furane aldehydes and their amides.

GEORGE HOLLAND ELLIS. HENRY CHARLES OLPIN. ERNEST WILLIAM KIRK. 

